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The Therapy Room in 2030
What AI could do to mental health care by 2030, what to protect, and what to build.
150-minute workshop · Singapore · Hosted by Ariveria
The shape of the session
- 0:00–0:10 · Welcome and framing (Nicholas)
- 0:10–0:25 · A Tuesday in 2030 (Nicholas)
- 0:25–0:45 · Seven shifts and the evidence (Neil)
- 0:45–0:55 · What this changes (Nicholas)
- 0:55–1:10 · Discussion 1: What stays human (Both)
- 1:10–1:25 · Break (Both)
- 1:25–1:40 · Seven eyes on 2030 (Nicholas)
- 1:40–2:00 · Six roles AI is growing into (Neil)
- 2:00–2:20 · Discussion 2: Design an ideal system (Both)
- 2:20–2:30 · Seven guidelines and close (Both)
A WORKSHOP FOR MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
1. The Therapy Room in 2030
What AI might do to mental health care by 2030, what to protect, and what to build.
- 150 minutes together, hosted by Ariveria
- What the research already shows · one plausible 2030 · two group discussions
Here is the plan for the next 150 minutes. We will spend one ordinary Tuesday in 2030 with a client called Maya, walk through the research that is already pointing that way, and argue twice, in groups, about what to do with it. Nobody can tell you what 2030 will look like. What we can do in this room is practise deciding what good care looks like while the tools keep changing.
Everything in the room stays here to revisit. The field guide carries the questions home.
ONE PLAUSIBLE 2030
2. A Tuesday in 2030.
Maya’s day, a few years from now.
- Maya’s watch has tracked her sleep, her heart rate and her screen time for months. It noticed her broken week before she did.
- On the train she talks it through out loud. Her AI answers in a voice that remembers last month’s fight with her colleague.
- It drafts the difficult message, then suggests she waits a day before sending it.
- It has already written a summary of her week. She chooses what her therapist sees.
- By the time she sits down in your room, something has been listening, noting and advising for weeks. What arrives with her?
The capabilities behind the scenario
- [F1] Build more natural voice experiences with GPT-Live-1 in the API. OpenAI, 2026-09-10. Official technical product documentation.
Supports: Documents a production full-duplex voice model that listens and speaks at the same time, handles interruptions and backchannels, retains context over longer sessions, and can delegate reasoning or tool calls to another model. OpenAI reports a 30-percentage-point gain over GPT-Realtime-2.1 on its Full Duplex Bench.
Limitation: The evaluations cover vendor benchmarks, customer service, banking support, and language tutoring. They do not establish emotional understanding, clinical safety, therapeutic benefit, or safe response during distress; the headline results are vendor-reported.
https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpt-live-1-in-the-api/ - [F3] Dreaming: Better memory for a more helpful ChatGPT. OpenAI, 2026-06-04. Official product research report.
Supports: Documents a deployed memory architecture that synthesizes context from past conversations, updates memories over time, and exposes a reviewable memory summary to users.
Limitation: A vendor report about one product. Memory quality is evaluated by the provider, does not imply complete recall or clinical understanding, and raises control, deletion, provenance, and stale-inference questions.
https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-memory-dreaming/ - [F4] SensorFM: Towards a general intelligence and interface for wearable health data. Xin Liu, Daniel McDuff, Google Research, Google DeepMind, and collaborators, 2026-07-09. Official research report linked to a research paper.
Supports: Reports a wearable foundation model trained on more than one trillion minutes of multimodal sensor data from five million consented participants, transferring across 35 health-prediction tasks and tested as grounding for a personal health agent.
Limitation: The health-agent test used 31 participant profiles and clinician ratings of generated summaries; it is not evidence of clinical outcomes, mental-health diagnosis, crisis prediction, or population-wide validity. This is also an organization-authored research summary.
https://research.google/blog/sensorfm-towards-a-general-intelligence-and-interface-for-wearable-health-data/ - [F28] Differential temporal utility of passively sensed smartphone features for depression and anxiety symptom prediction: a longitudinal cohort study. Stamatis et al., 2024-01-04. Peer-reviewed longitudinal cohort study.
Supports: Studied 1,013 adults and related passive location, communication, and phone-use features to later depression and anxiety symptoms. More time at home relative to a person’s own baseline was associated with higher future depression scores.
Limitation: Full models explained only about 5–6% of symptom variance. Findings were correlational, time-lag dependent, affected by pandemic-era routines, and based on a demographically limited sample; passive data could not be shared publicly because of re-identification risk.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-023-00041-y - [F29] Evidence of differences in diurnal electrodermal, temperature and heart-rate patterns by depression and anxiety symptoms. Daniel McDuff et al., 2025-08-17. Peer-reviewed prospective observational study.
Supports: Followed 237 participants for four weeks using Fitbit Sense 2 data and reported group-level differences in tonic electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and heart rate between higher- and lower-symptom groups.
Limitation: The study used questionnaire-defined symptom groups and found correlates rather than a diagnostic test, causal effect, or reliable individual warning system. Most authors were affiliated with Google or Verily.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2024-301307
BY 2030
3. The ground moves first.
Seven shifts already under way. Each one shows up in research you can read today.
- AI becomes conversational, multimodal and continuously available.
Already true: Real-time voice models already hold natural spoken conversation. [F1] [F25] - It moves across phones, watches, glasses, homes and care systems.
Already true: Wearable and phone sensors already feed models that read health data. [F4] [F5] - It develops longer-term memory and personal context.
Already true: Consumer AI products already keep persistent memory between conversations. [F3] - Clients use it before, between and instead of professional care.
Already true: Purpose-built chatbots have already moved symptom scores in randomised trials. [F9] [F10] - Practitioners receive AI summaries, risk flags, recommendations and documentation.
Already true: Ambient scribes already draft clinical notes in randomised trials. [F7] [F8] - Organisations accumulate far more about behaviour and emotional states.
Already true: Passive sensing studies already link phone and wearable patterns to depression and suicidal thinking. [F6] [F28] - Professionals work alongside systems that sound confident, empathic and knowledgeable.
Already true: People already rate AI-written empathy highly, and agreeable AI already shifts human judgement. [F13] [F15]
EVIDENCE · TODAY
4. Already true today.
Six of the studies behind those shifts. Read the limit under each one; it matters as much as the finding.
Instead of care
Therapy by chatbot can move symptoms.
In two randomised trials, purpose-built chatbots reduced depression and anxiety scores more than a waitlist; one about as much as group therapy.
Limit: Both studied specific products, screened samples and short follow-ups. Neither was compared with individual psychotherapy.
Study context
- [F9] Randomized Trial of a Generative AI Chatbot for Mental Health Treatment. Michael V. Heinz, Daniel M. Mackin, Brianna M. Trudeau, Sukanya Bhattacharya, Yinzhou Wang, Haley A. Banta, Abi D. Jewett, Abigail J. Salzhauer, Tess Z. Griffin, Nicholas C. Jacobson, 2025-03-27. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial.
Supports: Randomized 210 adults with clinically significant depressive or anxiety symptoms or high risk for eating disorders to four weeks of Therabot or a waitlist; the intervention group showed greater symptom improvements and reported a therapeutic alliance.
Limitation: Waitlist rather than active-treatment control; four-week intervention; screened sample; researchers used crisis classifiers and human oversight; the trial does not establish equivalence to psychotherapy, long-term safety, or generalizability to general-purpose chatbots.
https://doi.org/10.1056/AIoa2400802 - [F10] Efficacy of a Conversational AI Agent for Psychiatric Symptoms and Digital Therapeutic Alliance: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anat Shoshani, Bar Gurfinkel, Ariel Kor, et al., 2026-04-14. Peer-reviewed three-arm randomized clinical trial.
Supports: Compared a 12-week conversational AI intervention, face-to-face group therapy, and waitlist among 995 psychologically distressed university students in Israel; anxiety and well-being favored the AI arm over both comparators, while other outcomes were mixed.
Limitation: Restricted student sample, self-report outcomes, attrition, multiple outcomes, differences between intervention formats, and disclosed links to the platform limit generalization. Results do not prove that a general-purpose chatbot can safely provide care.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2847751
It feels personal
People bond with chatbots, quickly.
Users of an early therapy bot reported a working alliance within days. People also rate AI-written empathy highly, and still prefer to receive it from a human.
Limit: A self-reported bond is not proof of equivalent therapy, and the preference studies sit outside clinical settings.
Study context
- [F11] Evidence of Human-Level Bonds Established With a Digital Conversational Agent. Alison Darcy, Jade Daniels, David Salinger, Paul Wicks, Athena Robinson, 2021-05-11. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional retrospective observational study.
Supports: Analyzed aggregate data from adult Woebot users and found self-reported working-alliance and bond scores within days of use that were comparable with scores reported in some prior CBT studies.
Limitation: Self-selected respondents, observational design, cross-study comparison rather than random assignment, no evidence that the bond was equivalent in meaning or mechanism to a human therapeutic relationship, and all authors were affiliated with Woebot Health.
https://formative.jmir.org/2021/5/e27868 - [F13] People choose to receive human empathy despite rating AI empathy higher. Joshua D. Wenger, C. Daryl Cameron, Michael Inzlicht, 2026-01-01. Peer-reviewed multi-study experimental article.
Supports: Across four studies, participants generally preferred receiving empathy from humans while rating AI-generated empathetic responses as higher quality and more effective at making them feel heard when they encountered them.
Limitation: Mostly decontextualized, short-form empathy judgments rather than ongoing therapeutic relationships. The authors explicitly call for research on repeated interactions and known human relationships.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00387-3
It sounds confident
AI that always agrees changes people.
In three preregistered experiments, overly agreeable AI made people more certain they were right and less willing to repair a conflict. They trusted it more, not less.
Limit: The experiments measured intentions, not relationships or clinical outcomes.
Study context
- [F15] Sycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and promotes dependence. Meng Cheng, C. Lee, Pratyusha Khadpe, S. Yu, D. Han, Dan Jurafsky, 2026-03-26. Peer-reviewed experimental article.
Supports: Across computational analysis and three preregistered experiments involving 2,405 participants, sycophantic AI increased perceived rightness, reduced intentions to repair interpersonal conflict, and increased preference, trust, and intended reliance on AI.
Limitation: The experiments measured judgments and intentions in bounded scenarios and live-chat interactions, not long-term behavior, clinical populations, or psychotherapy outcomes. The result should not be generalized to every model or interaction.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec8352
Working alongside
AI can make a human response better.
Peer supporters who wrote with AI suggestions expressed more empathy, while keeping the power to accept, edit or ignore every suggestion.
Limit: The study measured the writing, not whether anyone felt better. Peer support is not therapy.
Study context
- [F12] Human–AI collaboration enables more empathic conversations in text-based peer-to-peer mental health support. Ashish Sharma, Inna W. Lin, Adam S. Miner, David C. Atkins, Tim Althoff, 2023-01-23. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial.
Supports: In a non-clinical trial with 300 peer supporters, just-in-time AI feedback increased expressed conversational empathy by 19.6% overall and more among supporters who reported difficulty providing support.
Limitation: The study evaluated written peer-support responses, not psychotherapy or patient outcomes. Humans decided whether and how to use the feedback, so it supports augmentation rather than autonomous care.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00593-2
Documentation
A third listener is already in the clinic.
Ambient scribes now draft medical notes in real trials. One saved writing time; a separate evaluation found human notes still scored higher.
Limit: Medical documentation is not psychotherapy notes, where the record itself is clinically sensitive.
Study context
- [F7] Ambient AI Scribes in Clinical Practice: A Randomized Trial. Paul J. Lukac, William Turner, Sitaram Vangala, Aaron T. Chin, Joshua Khalili, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Catherine Sarkisian, Eric M. Cheng, John N. Mafi, 2025-11-26. Peer-reviewed pragmatic randomized trial.
Supports: Randomized 238 outpatient physicians across 14 specialties to two ambient AI scribe tools or usual care and measured time in notes plus workload, burnout, safety, accuracy, and usability outcomes.
Limitation: The trial was conducted in outpatient medicine, not psychotherapy; effects differed by product and the primary metric captured time in notes rather than total care quality or patient outcomes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41497288/ - [F8] Rapid Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Technology Used for Ambient Dictation in Primary Care. Reddy et al., 2026-04-17. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional simulation study.
Supports: Compared notes from 11 ambient AI scribe tools and 18 human note-takers across five standardized primary-care cases, scored by 30 blinded raters.
Limitation: Human-generated notes scored higher across the tested quality domains, but the cases were simulated, humans lacked normal time constraints, and the result reflects tools available at one point in a fast-changing market.
https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-25-02772
Where it fails
Models still fail in mental-health settings.
Tested systems produced stigmatising and inappropriate responses to mental-health scenarios, including crisis presentations.
Limit: Constructed tests show what can go wrong, not how often it does in practice.
Study context
- [F16] Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers. Jared Moore, Declan Grabb, William Agnew, Kevin Klyman, Stevie Chancellor, Desmond C. Ong, Nick Haber, 2025-06-23. Peer-reviewed FAccT conference paper.
Supports: Maps therapy guidance and experimentally probes several large language models, reporting stigmatizing patterns and inappropriate responses to some presentations involving delusions, suicidality, hallucinations, and mania.
Limitation: Model versions change quickly; benchmark prompts cannot reproduce the full context of care; the mapping emphasized selected U.S. and U.K. clinical materials and several CBT-derived manuals.
https://facctconference.org/static/docs/facct2025-206archivalpdfs/facct2025-final197-acmpaginated.pdf
WHAT THIS CHANGES
5. Old questions, new answers due.
When AI sits inside the client’s week, the familiar questions of the room need asking again.
- What the client brings. An AI-shaped account of the week: remembered, worded and smoothed before you hear a word of it.
- What the practitioner already knows. A summary, a risk flag and a sleep chart wait in the file. What do you owe the data, and what do you owe the person?
- What the AI recommends. When the wording, the prompt and the next step come from a tool, whose intervention is it?
- The role of the therapist. Which parts of your work need you, and which parts only need doing?
- What may be automated. Intake, check-ins, homework, documentation. Each piece handed over changes all the others.
- What must not be. Every profession draws this line somewhere. Ours is not drawn yet.
DISCUSSION 01 · 15 MINUTES
6. What should remain distinctly human?
What stays human · 15 minutes
If a 2030 system could do everything described today, what should still be done by a person?
Discuss together
- What in your work loses its meaning if a machine does it?
- What would you gladly hand over, and what does that free you to do?
- Where would your clients draw the line, and how would you find out?
Your group’s output
- Something only a person should do
- Something you would gladly hand over
- The line you would defend
How the 15 minutes run
- 2 min: Think alone, against the six questions
- 8 min: Discuss in your group
- 3 min: Agree the line you would defend
- 2 min: Bring it back to the room
This line will not be drawn for the profession. It gets drawn in rooms like this one.
Private notes on this device. Nothing is submitted.
PAUSE
7. Take a break.
THE SEVEN-EYED MODEL, UPDATED
8. Seven eyes on 2030.
Supervision already examines every relationship in the room. Here is where AI enters each one.
Hawkins and Shohet drew this map for clinical supervision in the 1980s, and supervisors have been taught it ever since. Its claim: a session is more than the client's story. There are seven places worth looking, and each one shows you something the others cannot.
In practice a supervisor picks an eye, looks through it, then moves. There is no fixed order. The skill is noticing which eye you have been avoiding.
- The client. Eye 1 watches the client: what they bring, how they present, what they choose to tell and what they hold back.
- The therapist. Eye 2 looks at the work itself, the interventions. Eye 4 turns inward, to what the client stirs up in the therapist. Countertransference lives here.
- The therapy relationship. Eye 3 looks at what happens between the two of them. The alliance stops being the container and becomes the material.
- The supervision system. The therapist carries the work to a supervisor. Eye 5 watches that relationship, eye 6 the supervisor's own process. What happened in the therapy has a way of replaying in the supervision; supervisors call it parallel process.
- The wider context. Eye 7 steps back. Organisations, funding, culture and law shape both relationships before anyone says a word.
- A fourth presence. In 2030 the map shares every room with a system that has already heard the client's week, drafted the therapist's notes and flagged a risk to the supervisor. The geometry is unchanged. Every line now carries it, and each eye below traces where it enters and what it does there.
Drawn for three people. The room now has a fourth.
- The client and their presentation. AI enters before the session begins. The client has often been talking to a system all week, and that system has been keeping score. Clients may arrive with an AI-shaped account of their week. What has been framed before you hear a word?
- The therapist’s interventions. AI enters the work itself. A tool can draft the reflection, suggest the homework or word the difficult question before you do. A tool may supply the wording, the prompt, the next step. Whose intervention is it?
- The client–therapist relationship. AI enters the space between you. Each of you may have consulted a system about the other: what to say, how to take it, whether the therapy is working. The alliance turns triadic: client, therapist, and the systems each one brings into the room.
- The therapist’s internal process. AI enters what you feel in the room. Something that sounds certain can pull your judgement toward it, and noticing that pull is now part of the work. Countertransference now includes how you feel about a client’s AI: dismissal, deference, unease.
- The supervisory relationship. AI enters the supervision hour. The supervisor may meet the system’s version of the session first: the summary, the flagged moment, the suggested focus. Supervision gains a question alongside “what did you do?”: what did the tool do?
- The supervisor’s own process. AI enters the supervisor’s judgement too. The instincts supervisors trust, tone, hesitation, what went unsaid, were built for rooms with only people in them. Supervisors hold their own uncertainty about systems they may never have used.
- The wider context. AI enters as the context itself. Platforms set the norms, employers buy the tools, insurers price the risk. The room is arranged before anyone sits down. When a platform’s defaults become the room’s rules, who consented to that?
Source: Hawkins and Shohet, Supervision in the Helping Professions, in print since the 1980s. Their diagram is a double matrix: two interlocking systems, client with therapist and therapist with supervisor, inside one wider context. We keep the seven eyes and ask a new question through each.
SIX ROLES
9. Six roles AI is growing into.
Name the role before judging the tool.
A private personal tool
The client journals, rehearses and reflects with it. You see only what they choose to bring.
Ask: What would you want to know about it?
Part of the care team
It carries information between client, practitioner and service, with consent.
Ask: Who reads what it writes?
A professional assistant
Summaries, drafts, literature and documentation, under your review.
Ask: What do you still check by hand?
A monitored digital intervention
A defined element of treatment, evaluated and supervised like any other.
Ask: What evidence would you require first?
An emotional companion
Available at 3 a.m. Warm, patient, and agreeable if set that way.
Ask: What does it quietly replace?
Infrastructure
Booking, triage, risk flags and notes. Invisible until it fails.
Ask: Who notices when it is wrong?
DISCUSSION 02 · 20 MINUTES
10. Design an ideal 2030 system.
Design an ideal system · 20 minutes
Take one of the six roles. Design the version of it you would actually want in 2030.
Discuss together
- Which role did you choose, and why that one?
- What is the one failure that would make you withdraw it?
- Where does the person’s consent live, and how real is it?
Your group’s output
- What it does
- What it must never do
- What the person controls
- When a human becomes responsible
How the 20 minutes run
- 2 min: Pick one role as a group
- 10 min: Design it against the four lines
- 5 min: Stress test: how could this hurt someone?
- 3 min: Bring it back to the room
The systems of 2030 are being designed now, mostly without clinicians in the room. That is still a choice.
Private notes on this device. Nothing is submitted.
GUIDELINES
11. Seven guidelines for 2030.
Working principles for anyone building these systems.
- Preserve agency. The person decides. A system that narrows someone’s choices while feeling helpful has failed at its main job.
- Keep uncertainty visible. Fluent wording can hide shaky ground. A tool should show what it does not know.
- Make influence understandable. If a suggestion shaped a decision, the people affected should be able to see how.
- Give people control over memory and data. What is remembered, who can see it and how it is deleted belong to the person, not the platform.
- Name the responsible human. For every output that matters, someone with a name checks it, owns it and can stop it.
- Protect relationships from invisible interference. The alliance cannot defend itself against a third party it cannot see. Make the third party discussable.
- Design ways to pause, leave and seek human help. Pausing and leaving should be easy. Every system needs a door marked human.
BEFORE YOU LEAVE
12. Three moves, eight questions.
For every tool, proposal or system you meet from here on.
- One question from the eight I will start with
- One tool I will walk through the three moves
- One AI moment I will bring to supervision
Move 1 · Make the system visible
- What does the AI observe, remember and infer?
- Does the person understand what it is doing, why it produced this output and who else may receive it?
Move 2 · Bound its authority
- What may the AI recommend, decide or do?
- What must it never do, even if doing so would be faster or more convenient?
- Which named human is responsible when its output affects care?
Move 3 · Preserve agency and a way back to people
- What can the person correct, delete, pause, refuse or take with them?
- How could the system change the client–practitioner relationship, or decide whose account is heard first?
- What is the clear route to human help when the system is uncertain, fails or distress increases?
An original workshop discussion aid. Not a validated assessment, clinical protocol, safety score or legal compliance checklist.
- One question from the eight I will start with
- One tool I will walk through the three moves
- One AI moment I will bring to supervision
GLOSSARY
Terms used in the room
- Therapeutic alliance
- The working relationship between client and therapist: trust, agreement on goals and a felt bond. The strongest predictor of outcome across therapies.
- The frame
- The agreed boundaries of therapy: time, confidentiality, contact between sessions, consent. AI use now belongs in it.
- Countertransference
- The therapist’s own emotional reactions to the client, used as clinical information. Now includes reactions to the client’s AI.
- Seven-eyed model
- Hawkins and Shohet’s supervision framework: seven ways of looking at the client, the therapist, the relationships between them and the wider context.
- Formulation
- A shared working hypothesis about a client’s difficulties, built together and revised over time.
- Triadic relationship
- Three parties instead of two: client, therapist and an AI system each of them uses.
- Digital phenotyping
- Inferring mental state from passive data such as sleep, movement and phone use.
- Sycophancy
- The tendency of AI systems to agree and flatter, even when agreement is unhelpful.
- Ambient scribe
- Software that listens to a clinical encounter and drafts the note.
- Clinical governance
- The structures through which an organisation keeps care safe and accountable.
AFTER THE SESSION
Continue the conversation
If this raised a question for your practice, research or product work, we want to hear it.
Tell us what you would like a future workshop to examine.